A popular strength-training debate is on the topic of machines versus free weights: Which is better for adding slabs of new muscle mass??Let¡¯s end that discussion right now because the truth is that both free weights and machines have their advantages and disadvantages. In fact, the strengths of one style of workout can be the exact reason the other one falls short, and vice versa. However, without getting too deep into science, biomechanics, and physiology of how these workouts differ, we can assure you that a proper balance of both free weights (usually involving barbells and dumbbells) and machines (plate-loaded, selectorized, and cable) is the most effective path to building the physique you are after¡ªnot just one or the other alone.
Trainer and fitness coach Eric Broser shares some of his favorite machine-based exercises and why they are valuable in building muscle. Most of these machines are common in any commercial gym.
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Leg Press
I use some form of leg press at every one of my quad workouts. This movement is killer when done with a full range of motion (note: half-reppers should stay home) whether going for heavy sets of 4 to 6 or lung-frying adventures of 30 or more. The best thing about the leg press is you can destroy your thighs without over-taxing the upper body.
Variation:?Like with the hack squat, try varying your foot positions from workout to workout. Additionally, try doing this exercise one leg at a time going as deep as you can on every rep. Talk about a lower-body killer.
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Seated Chest Flye
Many lifters consider this exercise to be a ¡°finishing¡± movement and not really a mass builder,?but I disagree. Two of the best ways to tear up muscle fibers (which then need to be repaired bigger and stronger) are through a deep stretch and a powerful peak contraction, and the seated chest flye allows for both on every rep. Make sure to keep the elbows up and in line with the hands throughout the set for maximum pec activation.
Variation:?Move the seat higher or lower to better target muscle fibers in the lower, mid, or clavicular pectorals.
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Hack Squat
For me the hack squat has contributed more to the size of my thighs than even barbell squats. One is able to go heavy on this exercise without having to worry too much about the lower back. The hack squat takes much of the glutes and hips out of the movement and allows for a more direct hit to the quads. There is little pressure on the neck even when piling on the plates, and going deep into the hole is less of safety hazard.
Variation:?Move the feet higher or lower on the platform to slightly change fiber recruitment patterns. Go with a wide or narrow stance to switch emphasis from the inner to outer thighs. Try reverse hack squats when you¡¯re looking to focus more on your glutes.
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Standing Single-Leg Curl
I love this movement for the hams as they have a totally different feel from either lying or seated leg curls. They actually give a similar contraction as a seated concentration curl does for the biceps.
Variation:?Try pointing rather than flexing the foot while doing your reps for a unique hamstring hit.
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Seated Pullover
Not every gym has a pullover machine (hell, we don¡¯t even have a proper picture of it), but they really should. There are few movements that isolate the upper lats and teres major so directly, which really brings out the back width directly under the armpit. The seated pullover is my go-to exercise for creating that V-taper.
Variation:?You can bring the seat slightly higher or lower to get a different feel when doing these. But always make sure to go from full stretch to contraction.
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Rear Delt Flye
Generally this exercise is performed on the same machine where one does a seated chest flye, but facing inward toward the back pad. This is my favorite movement for smashing the rear delts and has really helped fill out my mid- and upper back with muscular detail. I also find I can go heavy with these and still get a great contraction on every rep.
Variation:?Set the seat higher or lower in order to hit the rear delts differently. Also, if you want to strongly engage the mid-traps, then bring the elbows back as far as possible and squeeze.
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Cable Overhead Triceps Extension
Because overhead extension exercises most strongly stimulate the long head (the one with the greatest mass) of the triceps I tend to favor them in my arm training. However, when done with a cable rather than a barbell or dumbbell you get not only a great stretch, but also an equally strong peak contraction.
Variation:?Perform this movement with different bar attachments, such as a ¡°V,¡± straight, or cambered bar. Sometimes I will even do this exercise one arm at a time, only grabbing onto the end of the cable.
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Cable Preacher Curl or Lever Preacher Curl
I have never been a big fan of doing an angled preacher curl with a barbell or dumbbells (although I do like the 90-degree version with free weights) as it does not provide a great contraction. However, with a machine you have resistance pulling down on you at the top of the movement, which allows for a hard and productive squeeze. I also like the control this machine allows when going for a full stretch (which is a strong anabolic trigger).
Variation:?Move your grip from narrow to wide to help target the inner or outer biceps heads. As well, try this exercise one arm at a time for maximum concentration and neural drive.
